Tag: retro

A Kickstarter for A Sequel to General Chaos

Again, a Kickstarter for a sequel to General Chaos. I frankly can’t believe this is happening. It’s a sequel to a little-known, yet brilliant, Genesis/Mega Drive combat game with serious developer star power behind it. How did this get started? Are there other people in the world who love General Chaos as much as I do? Perhaps even more than I do? The prospect makes me wonder.

Promo image for Major Snafu, from the Kickstarter page.

General Chaos was the product of a couple of ex-Midway developers, and creators of some of their most iconoclastic hits, Brian Colin and Jeff Nauman. They were the creators of Rampage, one of the standouts of the Silver Age of arcades, and the basis of a certain popular movie. They tend to dwell in the shadow of the likes of Ed Boon and John Tobias, creators of Mortal Kombat, and Mark Turmell of NBA Jam and NFL Blitz. Yet there’s a strong argument that could be made that NBA Jam wouldn’t have existed without the similar-in-play Arch Rivals from the same company, which was from Colin and Nauman.

In addition to Arch Rivals and Rampage, Colin and Nauman worked on Spy Hunder, Xenophobe and Pigskin 621 AD, before leaving Midway and striking out on their own under the banner of Game Refuge. And that’s where they made General Chaos for the Genesis, published by Electronic Arts. And hey, Game Refuge still exists, while Midway is currently a locked cabinet full of IP somewhere in a basement of either Warner Bros. Entertainment, or the company currently called “Light & Wonder,” (I don’t know Pete I don’t think I buy it) but contains such multitudes as “Scientific Games,” “Autotote Corporation,” “Shuffle Master,” “WMS Industries,” “Bally,” or even other totemic brands that once saw better days. These days they mostly sell to casinos, may they speedily pass on their way to hell.

General Chaos isn’t one of their best known titles, but it has a certain something. It’s a cartoony, comedic take on deadly warfare. The Kickstarter calls it a predecessor of the real-time strategy genre, and there is some of that there certainly, but truthfully General Chaos is something entirely unique. It’s an intrinsically two-sided battlefield action combat game where the warzone is made of single screens, and where each player controls a team of five soliders with different abilities (with one exception I’ll mention in a bit). In action it feels a bit like Mattel’s classic tank combat games Armor Battle for the Intellivision and Armor Ambush for the Atari 2600, in that a single player must command multiple units, but with much more depth.

Gameplay from General Chaos. This and all following screenshots are from Mobygames.

There is also quite a bit of General Chaos essence in Team Fortress 2, even though it’s not an FPS, for both its comical, satirical atmosphere and its array of characters which each have substantial differences from each other. There are gunners, rocket launchers, grenadiers, flame throwers and dynamite chuckers. Most of the time characters are controlled indirectly: control a cursor to point at a location and press the B button to send your current character to it. C changes characters, and A tells all your units to fire their weapons. They automatically pick their targets.

Hand-to-hand combat

When opposing soldiers get near each other the battle pauses and they engage in hand-to-hand battle, in the form of a simple fighting game. Combatants who are knocked down can be revived by pointing at them with the cursor and pressing A to call in one of a limited number of Medics. Characters who fall too often will eventually turn into a pile of bones and vanish. Additional Medic uses can be found on the battlefield, and are also awarded for reaching certain point totals.

General Chaos Commando team battle

As an alternative playstyle, a side can choose to field a pair of Commandos. If one player is using Commandos they must divide their attention between them, but two players can also play co-op with a Commando apiece. Commandos don’t use the indirect method of control, and instead control directly. This can make them much more effective warriors, but comes at the cost of only being two people to a squad, instead of a full team of five. Commandos can call in Medics too, but must reach their teammate in person to do so.

There are lots of worthy games from the 16-bit era that didn’t receive their due, and while I don’t know how well it sold, General Chaos always struck me as a bit of a sleeper hit. Video game genres were already becoming locked-down, and Electronic Arts was already showing signs of abandoning their reputation for nurturing talent and becoming the grotesque behemoth they are today. I’m surprised they don’t outright own the rights to General Chaos, but it appears they do not, or maybe Game Refuge bought it back from them.

The Kickstarter page makes it clear that Colin and Neuman have spent a lot of time thinking about how their classic wargame could be improved. There are more characters planned, more control options, between battle upgrades and most interesting of all, the ability to “go commando” and take direct control of any unit on your side. Home turf battles come with extra units on a given side, “expendables” that have limited abilities but help to give defenders a slight edge. There’s an array of stretch goals, with an especially interesting one at $200k: an arcade version. I think General Chaos was always destined for the arcade, and now it may finally happen.

So if all of this seems interesting to you, please consider supporting their project. Because war is a deadly serious business, so the best thing any of us can do is to laugh at it.

Police Quest II in Japan Looked Different

I’ll keep the prologue brief today. The Japanese version of Police Quest II was redrawn to give characters neon hair and big eyes. I wouldn’t call the look anime, but it’s obvious that the changes were made to sort of try to make it look anime-ish, though the effect is more like they were trying to parody the anime style.

Space Quest Historian showed off some of the changes in a video recording of a stream they did (8 minutes), and it’s worth your while to see, if just to glimpse sights like this:

Youch. Here is the video:

@Play: Musing on Classic Roguelikes, Directions to Explore

‘@Play‘ is a frequently-appearing column which discusses the history, present, and future of the roguelike dungeon exploring genre.

I’ve been thinking about classic roguelikes, by which I mean old games from the 80s and 90s. What usually calls themselves roguelikes these days is a debased currency. Some of these games are very good (Spelunky! Balatro!), but they aren’t things that would have been recognized as roguelikes in the age of the coinage of that term, which was probably the naming of the Usenet group rec.games.roguelike. This has resulted in such things as Punished Backlogs’s “Objectively Correct” Ratings of the best roguelikes having, as a requirement, being “stage-based” and to have “great music.” Whether it’s nice to have or not, a true jedi craves not these things.

Every so often I start musing over what the “main” roguelikes, the ones that are most fitting to bear the banner of the genre, should be. When I was writing @Play for GameSetWatch, the games I settled on were Rogue (1980), Moria (1983), Hack (1982), Angband (1990) and NetHack (1987). Soon after I added Dungeon Crawl (1997), Larn (1986), Omega (1988), ADOM (1994) and Brogue (2009). Nowadays I’d add Alphaman (1995), the adventurer mode of Dwarf Fortress (2004) and Caves of Qud (2010). (If you want to see some more recent things I’ve written on roguelikes here, look into the @Play tag.)

There are some more games that deserve inclusion probably. There are some “lost roguelikes,” lost because they were written for ancient Unixes (Unices?) and were hard to preserve or their implementation relied on those old OSes. There have been attempts at preserving these games, like the Roguelike Restoration Project (GitHub), although its last update is from 2011. UltraRogue, infamously, saved games by doing a memory dump of the process space, and loading it back off of disk when time to resume the game. Some other games it lists are Advanced Rogue, XRogue and Super-Rogue.

While clunky, buggy and sometimes glitchy, there is still a strong appeal for these old games, from a time when roguelikes were a hyper-obscure niche mostly of interest to current and former computer science students. In the early days of the web, the worthy Boudewyn Waiyers maintained the first major Roguelike Home Page on the internet (Wayback Machine links: first archived version, last version there, final home).

A few other games that it mentions are:

  • Crossfire (which is multiplayer)
  • Morgul, a variant of Moria
  • IMoria, another variant, the only copy I could find is on the voluminous ArchiveRL on the Internet Archive
  • PMoria, also in ArchiveRL and possibly nowhere else
  • Ragnarok, a DOS game (download from Wayback Machine but it’s available from abandonware sites)
  • Rogue’s Quest (1996, seems to be preserved on the Internet Archive)
  • Saladir (see ArchiveRL)
  • and URW, or “UnReal World,” which has an interesting story behind it. Unlike the other games in this list, it’s still in active development, and while it’s much changed its focus it still seems to be a roguelike. I think this should be a forthcoming @Play subject

Not mentioned on the dusty archives of the Roguelike Home Page is Elona, a roguelike from Japan. I’ve bounced hard off of this in the past (its got some objectionable content), but hell, I’ve survived the likes of Omega Labyrinth Life. There’s also Castle of the Winds, an early Windows roguelike which is slated to be republished on Steam soon.

I must say, ArchiveRL on the Internet Archive is amazing, a 25-gigabyte collection of hundreds of roguelikes, many of them defunct and otherwise forgotten. If you’re looking for something ancient, esoteric and probably terminal-based, you’ll find lots of things in its murky depths.

I’ve played a fair bit of Caves of Qud recently and I have quite a few notes on it. I think my next subjects should be that, UnReal World and Elona. Are there any suggestions for directions to explore? I mean besides down, deeper into the earth, of course.

Commodore History on How C64 BASIC Works

The title refers to an ongoing series with two videos so far. Part 1 (28 minutes) is about how the tokenizer works and how programs are stored in memory, and Part 2 (19 minutes) is on what the BASIC interpreter does to execute the program as it’s running. These are pretty detailed and a bit technical, but interesting of these kinds of shapes can fit into your brain. More below.

Part 1: Before a program is run
Part 2: How a program is run

Some extra links from the videos, a disassembly of the C64 BASIC ROM from pagetable.com, and the open-sourced by Microsoft code of their generalized BASIC interpreter. It should be noted that the original version of Microsoft BASIC were written for the Altair 8800 kit computer by Bill Gates and Paul Allen themselves.

I’ll distill the basics of the videos for you. Commodore BASIC is a dialect of Microsoft BASIC. It puts the loaded program at the bottom of memory, starting at 2049, or $0801 in hex. (The custom on the C64 is to denote hex numbers with a dollar sign.) When lines are written, the C64’s screen editor start from the beginning looking for a line number, and if it’s found tries to tokenize the rest of the line. Unrecognized keywords are still stored as PETSCII characters (which will cause a syntax error when run).

Commands are matched against a list of keywords stored in ROM. All the keywords are stored as “tokens,” single bytes, to conserve program space and to help with execution speed. At runtime, the tokens are detected by their high bit being set, then run through a lookup table. It pushes the high and low bytes of the command’s address in memory then does an RTS, which then jumps to the routine by acting like it’s returning from a JSR. Notably, the short routine that gets the next byte of BASIC text to act upon, CHRGET, is actually copied into zero page RAM to run, to take advantage of faster zero page versions of some instructions, but also because it’s self-modifying.

Bluesky User Lists Practically Every IP, To Track Which Are On Nintendo Music

I could link the things that everyone already knows about, that people in that wretched hive they call Reddit have already linked five times, that have blown up on social media, that there’s already a Youtuber or two making snide comments about. I mean, I’ve linked stuff like that before, pretty often really. They aren’t hard to find.

But I’d much rather link something interesting that’s basically unknown. Help spread the word about it! The only problem there is, how do you find that stuff in the first place? It’s a bit of a chicken-or-David-Egger. I think that’s what you’d call it, sure.

So when I saw someone I follow on Bluesky wrote out nearly every Nintendo video game property, including those that appeared on niche platforms like Virtual Boy and Satellaview, primarily so they could boldface the ones that have arrived on Nintendo Music, I had to run directly here to link to it.

The beginning of a long list

I don’t vouch for its total accuracy, but it still could be a useful resource. In fact I know there are some things that are missing, like their early arcade games Sheriff or Radar Scope, just for starters. But if the idea is to present things that realistically could present soundtracks included in Nintendo Music, it’s a pretty good list.

More from Skawo: Demonstrating a NES’s Failing PPU

We linked to a Skawo video yesterday, the one about flash card rumble motors activating when playing Link’s Awakening DX. Well I happened to have this one open, so here’s another: the last gasps of a failing PPU chip, shown off in several games. (5½ minutes)

It starts out seeming to work okay, but it isn’t long before it becomes obvious that something very wrong is happening. If you ever wondered what a failing graphics chip looks like, well, this will show you one example of it happening. Chips can fail in any number of ways, and there’s no guarantee that another PPU in the process of expiring will expire in the same way, but this is the kind of thing that can happen.

Skawo on Link’s Awakening DX’s Rumble Support

The Game Boy doesn’t have a Rumble Pak. Of course it doesn’t; where would you slot it? But a few games were released for the Game Boy Color (and Game Boy Advance too) that have built-in rumble motors. Because of this, it’s impossible, with unmodified physical hardware, to separate the Rumble from the Pak. If the game supports rumble, it has the motor included; if it doesn’t support rumble, it won’t have the motor. Pretty simple.

Except. Some people discovered, if you put Link’s Awakening DX onto some flash carts with a rumble motor included, there is a point during the game where the rumble will activate. Skawo on Youtube looked at the game’s code and sought an answer as to why. (10 minutes)

The tl;dw: GBC rumble motors are controlled via a MBC5 chip, a chip not dissimilar to the now-famous MMC line of chips on the NES/Famicom. Writes to ROM space are caught by the chip and used to activate functions. The main purpose for these chips is to switch between memory banks, but one bit in the written byte activates or deactivates the motor. Link’s Awakening DX uses a MBC5 and a miscoded write that activates any included motor. The MBC5 usually ignores these writes because it checks the cartridge header to see if it includes rumble support, a check that fails for this game, but GBA flash carts run will use an emulator to run GBC games, and if the emulator is inaccurate it might trigger rumble motor regardless of any header.

So why is the value written anyway? I’ll leave that for the video to explain, but it has to do with the additional save information added for the Color Dungeon, and an issue in the game when it saves puzzle completion data for areas that aren’t in dungeons.

Increasing the Framerate of SNES Star Fox

It’s been possible for quite a while to increase the framerate of SNES Star Fox. Even during the SNES’ hardware release period, an updated version of the SuperFX chip that made it’s then-amazing 3D visuals possible was used that doubled its performance, and was used in other games like Yoshi’s Island. And now overclocking and emulation can increase SuperFX performance by much more.

But there’s a problem with speeding up Star Fox this way. The game wasn’t designed that the frame rate can be separated from the gameplay or animations. If you speed up the chip, you’ll speed up everything else in the game too, rapidly making it unplayable.

Some progress has been made recently towards improving the framerate without making it a twitchy stuttery mess. Tyler Loch made a video of his efforts (3½ minutes), and to people used playing Star Fox’s at its original 15fps it’s a wonder to behold:

Because the code has to be adjusted in many different places, there are parts of the game that are obviously incorrect. Falling pillars, you’ll notice, tilt over much faster, bosses move and fire much more rapidly and are more dangerous as a result, and the engine of the player’s Arwing spaceship flashes at a rate that some people may not appreciate. And the video shows off only the first level, because the full game isn’t finishable yet. But much progress has been made! Let us hope Tyler’s momentum holds up through the rest of the project.

More From The Bard’s Tale Diaries

The C64 Appreciation Society continues their playthrough of the first Bard’s Tale. (23 minutes) If you want to start from the beginning, they’re collected in this playlist. (7 items)

I’ve already introduced The Bard’s Tale in prior posts, so in brief: The original Bard’s Tale trilogy were all Wizardry-style dungeon exploration RPGs in the classic style, called by some “blobbers.” Indeed they did a lot to define that style. A few things that Wizardry did weren’t adopted by later blobbers, especially its particular form of permadeath, its simulation of “Out” parties and retrieving lost characters from the dungeon, and its willingness to obliterate your entire group instantly and permanently if you teleported into solid stone.

The Bard’s Tale, on the other hand, looks exactly what the standard picture of a classic blobber looks like today. So long as you have the cash to revive a character there is no real penalty for dying, there is no absolutely solid stone to teleport into, and there’s no concept of “Out” parties, for if your party wipes their corpses get mysteriously teleported back to the Adventurer’s Guild, where if there’s enough gold in their cold pockets you, I guess in the capacity of being a caring guardian spirit, can tell the priests to bring them back to life.

But while not as eager to annihilate members of your group, neither is The Bard’s Tale an easy game. Compensating for the lack of permadeath, dungeons tend to be much more diabolical in design, with magical darkness, teleporters, spinners and antimagic zones in evidence. Dungeon levels are bigger than Wizardry’s, there are more of them, and most significantly to a new player, “Town,” here named Skara Brae, isn’t a simple menu of options but an entire level of its own to explore! And at the start of the game, you don’t know where anything except the Adventurer’s Guild is! You have to do significant mapping before you can buy equipment, recharge your spell points, or even raise your experience level.

In this 7th installment of the video series, the player finds and begins to explore the third of the game’s dungeons, finds some interesting items, suffers from disk corruption and loses some progress, earns it back, and fights a jabberwock.

Let’s Try to Make More Loadstar!

First, to recap

The newsstand cover of Loadstar #1.

Way back in 1984, having had success with their first product Softdisk, the nascent Softdisk Publishing released the first issue of Loadstar, a “magazine-on-disk” for Commodore 64 microcomputers.

Softdisk is mostly known these days as being the former workplace of several people who would go on to found Id Software, creators of Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D, Doom and Quake. Softdisk published, as the Id guys’ last work for the company, Catacomb 3D using the Wolf3D engine, and a Commander Keen episode.

Softdisk released other products too, but Loadstar eventually proved to be something special. Early on they assumed that their PC and Mac products would be their legacy, but then Microsoft and then the internet came along and it suddenly became much harder to make a go of it with a monthly paid software collection. Softdisk became an ISP; they got bought out by a bigger ISP; nowadays they don’t exist really, except as a bag of rights owned in pieces by Piko Interactive and/or Catacomb Games, who bought their Id-related assets.

The cover of Loadstar #72, the last issue sold on newsstands.

But some time before then Loadstar and its relevant assets had left the company. Defying expectations and buoyed by the large userbase of the Commodore 64 (quick googling suggests they sold 70 million units), Loadstar was still doing fairly well for itself. It was no longer sustaining the whole company like it once had, but it was too large an audience to ignore. So Softdisk spun Loadstar off to J&F Publishing, under the captaincy of its longest-serving Managing Editor Fender Tucker, and they kept the lights on a while longer.

When Fender retired from Loadstar at the dawning of the year 2000, he passed managing editorship over to Dave Moorman, who kept it going for 49 more issues. It was starting to become hard to find new things to keep Loadstar going at this point. While Dave had some regulars sending in new things, a large back catalog to mine for material, and skill enough to write some software for Loadstar himself, its release rate slowly dropped from monthly to, in 2007, two issues in that year. Then a tornado his his house and destroyed the tools he used to make Loadstar. One more issue made it out in the following year, that had been in production and finished by Ricky Derocher in 2008. And that is where Loadstar’s story ended.

Next, what I’ve been doing

A year or so ago, with the permission of Fender who still owns Loadstar and J&F Publishing, I threw together something called Loadstar Compleat. A prior product also called that had been sold by Fender for some time, a CD-ROM with the 199 issues from before and during his run, along with the 42 issues of another magazine, Loadstar 128, and various other products and odds and ends.

I took the issues from there, replaced some bad copies with better ones provided by Ricky Derocher, added in the 51 later issues from Dave Moorman’s editorship, and added a kind of shell program to make browsing and searching through them all easier. I packaged this all together and threw it up on itch.io as Loadstar Compleat for $15. Since then I’ve now also given three talks on Loadstar and its history, in person at VCFMW 2025, virtually for TPUG, and three days ago also in person at VCFSE 2026. (There should be video of that soon, I’ll link to it here when it enters my notice.)

Now, possibly, the future

Loading screen for early Loadstar issues

Dave has always said he wanted Loadstar to last to its 256th issue, to make it an even binary number (28, or 100000000). Even though Loadstar only had about 100 subscribers left by that point he was still committed to doing it, and only the fury of nature prevented him from making it.

I mentioned this at VCFSE, musing that perhaps I could finish the task he had started, making a final six issues of the venerable disk magazine, and a couple of people there thought that it might be a good idea. And I think I have enough knowledge now of Loadstar’s underpinnings that I might be able to accomplish this. With all the tools available for producing software for retro platforms now (I have an upcoming article on those in the works), it is arguably easier to make C64 software than it’s ever been, and now that there’s the Ultimate64 and Maxi65, the size of the C64 platform is growing once again.

So, let’s start making plans for how this could happen. In addition to doing whatever needs to be done to understand Loadstar’s file formats to get its Presenter system to fulfill our purposes, I figure we need:

  • Contributors, and contributions. Commodore 64 software, hi-res artwork (at least one image for each issue for the loading image), SID music (at least one piece per issue for the Presenter background music), articles and anything else we’d need to keep up Loadstar’s standards according to the systems they used in their late period, which used a polished Presenter menu program written in machine code, a text reader to display documentation and articles, and miscellaneous other niceties.
  • Means to compensate them. We aren’t sure if this can support itself financially yet. For right now, we need to keep our options open. If we get a lot of interest it’s not out of the question that this could mean a bit of actual money, but for now free issues are what we’re considering.
  • A means to produce physical disks. These issues would be sold digitally (as .d64 and .d81 disk images for emulators), but it feels like to be a real disk magazine, there must be actual Commodore-formatted 5 1/4″ and/or 3 1/2″ disks to sell too. You can still get 5 1/4″ disks. Amazon sells them ten for $25.
Middle-period loading screen. (Later issues used custom loading screens for each issue.)

We’re currently discussing ways to accomplish these things. I’ve started a thread at loadstarce.com to discuss this project. We are fortunate that many of the Loadstar editors are still around, including Fender Tucker, his associate editor Jeff Jones, and Dave Moorman, as well as people who care about Loadstar’s memory like Ricky Derocher.

There are two things we need right now. The first is indication of interest. Would you be interested in buying something like this? How about spreading the word about our little venture?

The other thing we need is “content”: software, writing, art and music, in formats appropriate for the Commodore 64. C64 art must be hi-res VIC-II format. Music can’t just be any old SID tune but in the format its Presenter used (more information on that as I determine it). Software doesn’t have to be machine code, for Loadstar published many BASIC programs, and multiple BASIC extensions too, including one, Dot.BASIC Plus, that still has a website and working downloads!

Are you any of you interested in, and capable of, providing these things? I don’t know how much we can pay you yet. For my part I will make the rounds online and approach people who might be interested in helping revive Loadstar, if just for a little while.

And who knows, if this proves popular enough, maybe we could go past issue 256? Shooting for 512 seems like a ludicrous dream, certainly not something I could do in my remaining lifetime, but who knows for sure? Let’s dare to dream.

If you want to be involved in the continuation of the frankly improbable legacy of Loadstar, you can reach me:

Namco Museum Museum Reviewed, Updated

Recently we posted a link to an excellent video that took a look at every software product (Bandai-)Namco has made that had the temerity, the utter gall to call itself “Namco Museum.”

Since then however, its creator Mythic Resonance became dissatisfied with how it turned out, so he took it down for a bit for some editing. Well, it’s back now, and at 2 hours 23 minutes it’s even more complete and in-depth as it was originally.

We’re promised new entries, updated information and corrected errors. He admits that it may still not be absolutely perfect, but of course projects as lengthy and effort-intensive as this one will probably always have something about them that could still be improved. He says it took him 35 months in all to make it, so I’m willing to grant any deficiencies it still has, if just to help Mythic Resonance preserve his mental health.

VCFSE 2026!

Tomorrow begins is VCFSE, which stands for Vintage Computing Festival SouthEast, a three day celebration of retro computing. Not only will I be there, but I’ll have a table for Loadstar Compleat and also selling copies of Exploring Roguelike Games (I just brought two though; they’re heavy!) and ancient issues of Loadstar in their original packaging. And I’ll be presenting an encore of my VCF Midwest talk from September! Maybe the recording system won’t mess up with this one! If you’re around, please drop by.

I’ll probably be a bit overwhelmed over the weekend with VCF stuff, but I’ll try to bring you news from the show floor!